Umahluko phakathi kweegawuni zokwahlula ezilahlwayo, iigawuni ezikhuselayo kunye neegawuni zotyando

Iigawuni ezilahlwayo zodwa, iigawuni zokhuseleko ezilahlwayo, kunye nempahla yotyando elahlayo zonke zizixhobo zokuzikhusela ezidla ngokusetyenziswa ezibhedlele. Kodwa kwinkqubo yokonganyelwa kwezonyango, sihlala sifumanisa ukuba abasebenzi bezonyango babhidekile kancinci malunga naba bathathu. Emva kokubuza malunga nolwazi, umhleli uya kuthetha nawe malunga nokufana kunye nokwahlukana kwezi zintathu kule miba ilandelayo.

1. Umsebenzi

Iigawuni ezilahlwayo zokubeka bucala: Izixhobo zokukhusela ezisetyenziswa kubasebenzi bezonyango ukuze baphephe ukosulelwa ligazi, ulwelo lomzimba, nezinye izinto ezosulelayo xa zidibana, okanye ukukhusela abaguli kusulelo. Igawuni yokuzahlula iyindlela-mbini yokuthintela abasebenzi bezonyango ukuba bosuleleke okanye basuleleke kwaye isigulana singosuleleki.

Impahla ekhuselwayo elahlayo: Izixhobo zokukhusela ezilahlwayo ezinxitywa ngabasebenzi bezonyango xa bedibana nezigulana ezinoDidi A okanye izifo ezosulelayo ezilawulwa yiKlasi A yezifo ezosulelayo. Impahla ekhuselayo kukuthintela usulelo lwabasebenzi bezonyango kwaye yinto enye yokuzihlukanisa.

Igawuni yotyando elahlayo: Igawuni yotyando idlala indima yokhuseleko ngeendlela ezimbini ngexesha lotyando. Okokuqala, igawuni yotyando imisela umqobo phakathi kwesigulana kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango, ukunciphisa amathuba okuba abasebenzi bezonyango badibane negazi lesigulana okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba kunye nezinye izinto ezinokubakho zosulelo ngexesha lotyando; okwesibini, igawuni yotyando inokuthintela ikholoni/ukuncamathela eluswini okanye kwimpahla yabasebenzi bezonyango Iibhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo ezikumphezulu zisasazeke kwizigulana ezityandwayo, zithintele ngokufanelekileyo ukosuleleka kweebhaktheriya ezixhathisa amayeza amaninzi njenge-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ) kunye ne-vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE). Ke ngoko, umsebenzi womqobo weegawuni zotyando uthathwa njengesitshixo sokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo ngexesha lotyando [1].

2. Iimpawu zokunxiba

Igawuni yokwahlula elahlayo: 1. Xa udibana nezigulana ezinezifo ezosulelayo zisasazeka ngokudibana, ezifana nezo zosulelwe ziibhaktheriya ezinganyangekiyo ngamachiza. 2. Xa uqhuba ukuhlukaniswa okukhuselekileyo kwezigulane, ezifana nokuxilongwa, unyango kunye nokongiwa kwezigulane ezinokutshisa kakhulu kunye nezigulane zokufakelwa kwamathambo. 3. Isenokutshizwa ligazi lesigulana, ulwelo lomzimba, incindi kunye nelindle. 4. Ukungena kumasebe aphambili afana ne-ICU, i-NICU, kunye neewadi zokukhusela, nokuba unxibe iingubo zodwa okanye unganxibi kufuneka kugqitywe ngokwenjongo yokungena kunye nesimo soqhagamshelwano lwabasebenzi bezonyango.

Impahla yokukhusela elahlayo: 1. Xa udibana nezigulane ezine-Class A okanye i-Class A izifo ezithathelwanayo. 2. Xa uqhagamshelana nezigulane ezine-SARS ezikrokrelwayo okanye eziqinisekisiweyo, i-Ebola, i-MERS, i-H7N9 i-avian influenza, njl., izikhokelo zokulawula usulelo zamva nje kufuneka zilandelwe.

Igawuni yotyando elahlayo: Ivalwa ngokungqongqo kwaye isetyenziselwa unyango oluhlaselayo lwezigulana kwigumbi elikhethekileyo lotyando.

3. Iimfuno zembonakalo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo

Impahla yokubeka yodwa elahlayo: Impahla yokubeka yodwa elahlayo idla ngokwenziwa ngezinto ezingalukwanga, okanye zidityaniswe nemathiriyeli enokunganyibiliki ngcono, njengefilimu yeplastiki. Ngokusetyenziswa kweetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo zokujoyina ifayibha ezingalukwanga endaweni yokudityaniswa kwejiyometri yezinto ezilukiweyo nezinithiweyo, inomfezeko kunye nokomelela. Impahla yokuzimela yodwa kufuneka ikwazi ukugubungela i-torso kunye nazo zonke iimpahla zokwenza umqobo womzimba wokuhanjiswa kwe-microorganisms kunye nezinye izinto. Kufuneka ibe nokunganyanzeki, ukuxhathisa kwe-abrasion kunye nokumelana nokukrazula [2]. Okwangoku, akukho mgangatho ukhethekileyo eTshayina. Kukho nje isingeniso esifutshane sokunxiba kunye nokukhulula igawuni yokuzahlula kwi "Isolation Technical Specifications" (ingubo yodwa kufuneka ivulwe ngasemva ukugubungela zonke iimpahla kunye nolusu oluveziweyo), kodwa akukho nkcazo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, njl. Iimpawu ezinxulumeneyo. Iingubo zodwa zingaphinda zisetyenziswe okanye zilahlwe ngaphandle kwekepusi. Ukujonga kwinkcazo yeegawuni zokuzihlukanisa "kwiNgcaciso yobuGcisa yokuBekwa kwiZibhedlele", akukho mfuneko yokuchasana nokungena, kunye neengubo zokuzihlukanisa zingangena emanzini okanye zingabi namanzi.

Umgangatho uchaza ngokucacileyo ukuba iimpahla ezikhuselayo kufuneka zibe nomsebenzi wokuthintela ulwelo (ukumelana namanzi, ukunyameka kokunyakama, ukuchasana kokungena kwegazi okwenziweyo, ukumelana nokufuma komhlaba), iipropathi ezibuyiswa ngamadangatye kunye neempawu ze-antistatic, kwaye kufuneka zibe nokuchasana nokophula amandla, ukwandiswa ngexesha lekhefu, ukuhluza. Kukho iimfuno zokusebenza kakuhle.

Iigawuni zotyando ezilahlwayo: Ngo-2005, ilizwe lam lakhupha uluhlu lwemigangatho enxulumene neegawuni zotyando (YY/T0506). Lo mgangatho uyafana nomgangatho waseYurophu EN13795. Imigangatho ineemfuno ezicacileyo kwiipropati zomqobo, amandla, ukungena kwe-microbial, kunye nokuthuthuzela kwempahla yokugqoka igawuni. [1]. Igawuni yotyando kufuneka ingangeni, inyumba, isiqwenga esinye, kwaye ingabinayo ikepusi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-cuffs yeegawuni zotyando zi-elastic, ekulula ukuyinxiba kwaye iluncedo ukunxiba iiglavu zezandla ezinyumba. Ayisetyenziselwa kuphela ukukhusela abasebenzi bezonyango ekungcolisweni yizinto ezisulelayo, kodwa nokukhusela imeko engcolileyo yeendawo eziveziweyo zokusebenza.

Ukushwankathela

Ngokubhekiselele kwimbonakalo, iimpahla zokukhusela zihluke kakuhle kwiingubo zodwa kunye neengubo zotyando. Iigawuni zotyando kunye neegawuni zokwahlula akukho lula ukwahlula. Ziyakwazi ukwahlula ngokobude bebhanti (ibhanti yengubo yodwa kufuneka iboshwe ngaphambili ukuze isuswe lula. Ibhanti yengubo yotyando iboshwe ngasemva).

Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga umsebenzi, ezi zintathu zineendlela zokuhlangana. Iimfuno zeegawuni zotyando ezilahlwayo kunye nempahla ekhuselayo ziphezulu kakhulu kunezo zeegawuni ezilahlwayo zodwa. Kwiimeko apho iigawuni zotyando ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kuqheliselo lwezonyango (ezifana nokwahlulwa kuqhagamshelwano lwebhaktheriya exhathisa amayeza amaninzi), iigawuni zotyando ezilahlwayo kunye neegawuni zinokusebenzisana, kodwa apho iigawuni zotyando ezilahlwayo kufuneka zisetyenziswe, azinakutshintshwa zigawuni.

Ngokwembono yenkqubo yokunxiba kunye nokukhulula, umahluko phakathi kweegawuni zokuzahlula kunye neegawuni zotyando zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: (1) Xa unxiba kwaye ukhulula igawuni yokuzahlula, nikela ingqalelo kwindawo ecocekileyo ukuphepha ukungcoliseka, ngelixa Ingubo yotyando ihlawula ingqwalasela ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kwe-aseptic; (2) igawuni yodwa inokuthi yenziwe ngumntu omnye, kwaye ingubo yotyando kufuneka incediswe ngumncedisi; (3) Ingubo inokusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokungcola. Yixhome kwindawo ehambelana nayo emva kokusetyenziswa, kwaye igawuni yotyando kufuneka icocwe, ibulawe iintsholongwane/intsholongwane kwaye isetyenziswe emva kokuyinxiba kube kanye. Impahla ekhuselayo elahlayo iqhele ukusetyenziswa eklinikhi kwiilebhu ze-microbiology, izifo ezosulelayo kwiiwadi zoxinzelelo olubi, i-Ebola, umkhuhlane weentaka, i-mers kunye nezinye izifo ezihlaselayo ukukhusela abasebenzi bezonyango kwiintsholongwane. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi zintathu ziyimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yokuthintela kunye nokulawula ukusuleleka kwizibhedlele, kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni izigulane kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango.